For a coherent understanding and interpretation due to evolving spatial-temporal dynamic complex interactions between human population and the Black Sea coast, it is needed to tackle by a transdisciplinary approach, theoretically by integrating a model framework of analysis for changes, transformations, trends and adjustments/identification of system understanding. Observed variations in coastal morphology on monthly to decadal timescales are often difficult to explain in terms of physical processes operating on shorter timescales. One reason could be that the morphology evolves to high-dimensional, self-organized states. Circumstantial evidence for this would be indicated by fractal distributions of the dynamical variables. Black Sea Coastal fractal analysis as nonlinear dynamical systems, consists of lengthy processes whose variability and diversity are essential for the stability and capacity support unit. This analysis does not overlook the implications map, taking into account the relationship between technology and capabilities, following the same principles. Coastal fractal analysis as nonlinear dynamical systems, consists of lengthy processes whose variability and diversity are essential for the stability and capacity support unit. This analysis does not overlook the implications map, taking into account the relationship between technology and capabilities, following the same principles. The problem of finding a set of indicators to illustrate the state of the Black Sea coast, is extremely important in this context and more complex if is desired in GIS. The concept of geographic information system of the Romanian coastline based on the idea of presenting to managers and the general public in the form of maps, sets of indicators status. Status indicators Map is an integration of sectoral indicators considered to illustrate the state of the area studied. In most cases sector indicators have equal weight in the production status indicator and in this case by fractal analysis can highlight the state of the coastal system. Through this paper we discuss the results of such analysis fractal.

The Information System of the Real Estate Cadastre, which exists in the Republic of Moldova at present, was developed in early 1990s together with the process of launching for a reform of land relations. This is the period which is thought to be the peak of the economic crisis. The policy based on the state’s land monopoly failed. This study includes a detailed analysis of the cadastral process and the role of the information system of land cadastre as a key component of this process. Therefore, it is important to determine the objective of the cadastral process. There is no use to study the content of cadastre if you have no idea about the reasons the process occurs as well as fundamental social and economic problems that should be resolved in cadastre. It is also important to evaluate the multifunctional aspect of cadastre and its interaction with other processes in the society. Having analyzed the cadastral process development in the Republic of Moldova and cadastral information systems of other countries, we suggest that our cadastre should be modified. The question “Which way should we choose?” becomes more and more relevant for the Republic of Moldova. Which direction would be closer to social and economic policies implemented in the Republic of Moldova? The fiscal policy has an important role in determining the cadastral model as it affects the economy as a whole.

Representing a direct response of hydrologic, hydrogeologic, geomorphologic, and anthropic factors, the dynamic of river channels has a useful scientific and practical importance, especially for the regions where the rivers play the role of state border. This article presents a detailed analysis of the dynamic of the Prut River channel for the last 125 years, concerning a 26 km sector of the river, which correspond to Prisacani territorial (local) administrative unit (LAU 2nd order), Iasi County. This segment can be considered as a representative natural border between Romania and Republic of Moldavia along the middle Prut River course, downstream the Stânca-Costesti anthropic lake. The work consisted in digitization of a large series topographic maps (1893-1894 edition at 1:50,000 scale, 1940 edition at 1:20,000 scale, the 1949, 1960 and 1985 editions at 1:25,000 scale), various remote sensing images: LANDSAT images for the 1990 and 2000 decades, SENTINEL 1A and 2A images for the year 2015 and 2016, LiDAR DEM (acquired in 2012), and Google Earth® high resolution optical satellite images collection. For the last two years, the channel dynamic was validated and completed using GPS measurements.

Within a time frame of only two decades, LiDAR technology has become a very important surveying method, that provides reliable geo-spatial information, being used in many scientific domains of activity, like: production of digital surface and terrain models, forest management and monitoring, corridor mapping, cultural heritage. In contrast to the Digital Terrain Model, describing the elevation of the ground surface, the Digital Surface Model represents the surface which can be seen from an acquisition platform. Over time, there were developed many algorithms for Digital Surface Models derivation from airborne laser scanning (ALS) data. Some of them are based on DSMmax, containing the highest points within a defined raster cell, that has some disadvantages: in case of low point densities, it can contain void pixels and, in case of inclined smooth surfaces, it can show an artificial roughness. In order to obtain an improved DSM, the disadvantages of the DSMmax, are reduced by using an interpolated grid, DSMmpl, containing heights based on moving planes interpolation. For the present case study, the Digital Surface Model of “Neubacher Au” area, located in Lower Austria was derived, based on a combination of two products, previously determined: the DSMmax and the interpolated grid DSMmpl. This algorithm is implemented in the scientific software package OPALS (Orientation and Processing of Airborne Laser Scanning data). For this test site, ALS data with a point density of 57 echoes per m2 are available. Compared to the traditional DSM of the study area, the derived combined DSM offers a better visualisation of the territory, being better used in forestry applications.

This contribution presents the application of a new method for the evaluation of the control quality for vehicles, controlled by robot tachymeters. The method shows in which way a highly accurate measurement system, consisting of a laser tracker and an active target, is used to separate the measurement accuracy from the control quality for a subsequent evaluation. For several years, the Institute of Engineering Geodesy, University of Stuttgart operates a construction machine simulator to evaluate the performance of different sensors as well as filter and control algorithms under laboratory conditions. For this purpose a model truck (scale 1:14) is guided on a predefined reference trajectory as accurately as possible. Thereby the lateral control is realized by a PID controller. The root mean square value (RMS) of the lateral deviation between the driven and reference trajectory is called combined measure and is defined as quality criterion. Under laboratory conditions, the simulator achieves RMS values for combined measures of 2-4 mm. These values contain the measurement accuracy and the control quality. An external measurement system, the API Radian laser tracker, in combination with an active target allows to split up the two quantities. Thus the control quality can be evaluated individually. The investigation has shown that the simulator system reaches a control quality of 3,1 mm and a measurement accuracy of 2,9 mm.

Starting from 1999 a new Moldavian Reference System (MOLDREF99) based on the ETRS89 and Transversal Mercator for Moldova map projection was established. In order to provide real time position and navigation service on the territory of Republic of Moldova in 2011 GNSS Permanent Network and MOLDPOS service was developed. Taking in account that RTCM 3.1 transformation messages allows the MOLDPOS service to provide their users with all necessary data for positioning a grid transformation parameters data base from combined classical triangulation SC42 to MOLDREF99 and vice versa was developed, using a new method of grid calculation and interpolation of Helmert transformation parameters. Case study in the central part of Moldova showed centimeters level accuracy of coordinate’s transformations from SC42 datum to MOLDREF99 and inverse.

Nowadays LIDAR data is widely used in different field and provides a good means to collect information on forest stands. Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) is active remote sensing which uses laser lights to strike features and record the reflected pulses to generate the 3D model of objects and offers another source of information for tree detection. This paper presents Inverse Watershed segmentation, a new method for tree detection, where individual trees are detected based on the densities of high points which distinctively separates crown centers from crown edges. This method treat raster like a watershed using focal flow to determine local maxima (tree heights) and watershed delineation (tree crowns).

The article focuses on the benefits of employing mobile LiDAR technology for airports surveys to deliver faster, safer and better geographical data. Airports administrations are bound to provide geographic data related to infrastructure and obstacles in nearby areas according to international regulations. Acquisition of these data using conventional surveying methods is slow but with low cost. Using airborne LiDAR technology is fast but very expensive. An appropriate compromise is the use of terrestrial mobile mapping LiDAR system. Surveys for Timisoara airport are presented together with the results of the study. In the end, a SWOT analysis is shown for the technology used in the study. Three results are introduced: “Certification Specifications (CS) for Aerodromes (EU) No 139/2014”, “International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Annex 14 Obstacle Limitation Surfaces”, and “ICAO Annex 15 Terrain and Obstacle Data Collection Surfaces”.

Sewerage collectors into operation a high degree of wear, which increases the flow section degradation. Decay most important processes occurring in the foundation plate collectors by processes of erosion or clogging. Rehabilitation sewerage collectors are distinguished by the geometric shape and dimensions of the cross section. Rehabilitation technology can alter the shape of the flow section and longitudinal slope default collector. To determine the functional parameters must be known collector slope created through rehabilitation. Determining slope is achieved by surveying. Surveying is customized according to the size of the collector (collectors visited, collecting non-visitable). To visitable sewer collectors can take measurements inside correlated with those outside the homes of visit. The non-visitable sewers can take measurements on the outside, inside homes to visit.

Presence in waters of large amounts of nutrients, determine their contamination and the occurrence of eutrophication manifested through an accelerated growth of algae and other higher plant forms. In order to assess the risk of eutrophication of the two barrier lakes studied Cucuteni and Tansa-Belcesti from Bahlui catchment, it was used a model namely BATHUB. Modelling of potential eutrophication, it is expressed through items like total phosphorus, total nitrogen, chlorophyll “a”, transparency, organic nitrogen and organic phosphorus. For the two barrier lakes Cucuteni and Tansa-Belcesti was achieved high levels of total nitrogen and total phosphorus caused by diffuse pollution supported mainly by agricultural work practices. The nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients get into the lakes via the river system, and phytoplankton fails to fully assimilate them, which causes maintenance the eutrophic condition for these barrier lakes.

The correct evaluation of the ecological factors in achieving a qualitative cadastre of a vineyard, which are to be set up in an area with temperate climate, is the basic condition for the economic success of the plantation, regarding the quantity and quality of the wines of the assortment of varieties chosen for planting. Taking into account the requirements of the European noble varieties grown, it can be concluded that a geographic area has vineyard potential, if it allows getting productions from year to year, primarily qualitative, to varieties from at least one direction of wine production (grape for consumption or for wine).

Valuation of urban or outside town land is governed by ANEVAR law (methodological guide for valuing land GME1 realized and recognized in the entire world). Indicated methodology is agreed with international valuation standards (EVS) published by International Valutation Standards Council (IVSC ). Valuation methods of vacant land, occupied by facilities or constructions are: CMA extraction market allocation, technical residual capitalization current rent / lease land (rent) and cash flow analysis updated (analysis plotting and development). The methods listed are derivation of traditional methods of approach to real estate (market, income and cost). The case study in this paper comply evaluation guide showing all the steps specified by international standards agreed by ANEVAR.

The Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) has become in recent years increasingly used in more and more fields of activity (engineering, restoration, monitoring, environmental protection or journalism) providing an important source of data. This new technology, becomes a low-cost alternative to classical aerial photogrammetry. Commonly known as UAV or drones, these equipments have rotors or fixed wings and offers the possibility to acquire data with professional (DSRL) or compact (for amateurs) digital camera and can fly in manual, semi-automatic or autonomous modes. The sensor high quality, high battery autonomy lead to obtaining a dense point cloud with RGB values, used to create the 3D model of the desired objective. In this paper, the 3D model of a historic building was created as a point cloud and mesh surface, which were automatically generated based on the aerial image block acquired with a low-cost UAS, namely DJI Phantom 3 Standard. The image block was processed using the Structure from Motion (SfM) algorithm, combining the computer vision and photogrammetry.

Cadastral registration represents a method of protecting property rights and limited natural resources. Both the need to know the shape and size of the property as well as property recognition by another person determined the appearance of the land registration process and registration of property rights. The process of land registration represents a public action (of the state). State interest in the registration process derives from the need to implement appropriate fiscal policy for each situation. Effective implementation of progressive methods regulating land relations (related to taxation, investment, subsidization, crediting, etc.), according to the objective needs of society, requires a higher level of rights protection. Land relations have always been a source of dispute. The land, in its turn, represents a specific means of production. In this study, the purpose of land registration (immovable property as a whole) consists in both the protection of rights and resulted interests and appropriate application (according to the law) in time and space of all the necessary (current) methods of efficient regulation of land relations. Given the present circumstances of social development, implementation of subsidy policy, investment, crediting, planning, management and efficient use of land, etc., there is an increasing role of the registration process, because land registration will ensure the development of subsidization, investments, owner-oriented fiscal policies etc.

The paper aims to monitor through topographic, planimetric and leveling measurements, the soil stability and to track the constructions within the influence perimeter of Victoria salt mine, in order to protect the surface and objectives in the area. The study proposes monitoring by topographic, planimetric and leveling measurements on new longitudinal and transverse landmark alignments so the monitoring encompasses the entire field of influence of Victoria salt mine.

Protected areas, defined as areas in which the primary purpose is the conservation and protection of nature and cultural values are important to all segments of society. They have great potential to become models of the harmonious development of human society because these areas are promoted, more than elsewhere, sustainable management of natural and cultural resources. One of such protected area is - ROSCI0299- DUNAREA LA GÂRLA MARE MAGLAVIT in Dolj County, and it consists of six blocks. Site of Community Importance, ROSCI0299 Danube at Gârla Mare - Maglavit is characterized by the presence of several classes of habitats, specify both the wetlands and the land, territories sure walk some important species of conservation interest, among mammiferous , amphibians, fish etc. The site totals an area of 9422 ha, which, in terms of bio-geographic region is integrated into the mainland. Actions due to natural phenomena (unpredictable or predictable) and / or factor socio-economic constantly evolving technical and economic can generate, over time, changes in the natural environment and components defining site ROSCI0299 Danube at Gârla Mare - Maglavit, with implications area times its scientific relevance. Mapping the distribution of the species for this site is a very important part of the management plan of the protected area.

Knowing the value of the flash flood potential index (FFPI) is significant, because there are included in the GIS environment various physical and geographical and anthropic factors playing an essential role in the flash flood occurrence: lithology, slopes, profile curvature, soil texture and the land use. In the mountainous region situated upstream of the Poiana Uzului reservoir, an area with a potential very high risk of flash flood sums up a total surface of 49.36 km2; the area with a potential high risk of flash floods sums up a total surface of 99.31 km2. The highest percentage of the total studied area is exposed to an average risk of flash floods. The Uz hydrographic basin is situated in an area with a potential high risk of flash floods. The map thus obtained displays the spatialization divided into five risk classes (very high, high, average, low, and very low). The surfaces the most exposed to flood generation are concave surfaces, surfaces that include high slopes, hard rocks, a low degree of forestation, clay soils. The areas identified as being critical, concerning the potential of flash flood generation, presented an elevated risk for other related phenomena – in this case, the floods.

Romania has a long and well documented history of flooding, resulting in numerous material as well as human loses. In order to monitor and estimate flood damages in near-real time, numerous techniques can be used, from a simply digitizing on maps, to using detailed surveys or remote sensing techniques. However, when using the last mentioned technique, the results are conditioned by the time of data acquisition (day or night) as well as by weather conditions. Although, these impediments can be surpassed by using RADAR satellite imagery.The aim of this study is to delineate the land surface of Galati County that was affected by floods in October 2016. For this case study, Sentinel-1C-Band SAR data provided by ESA (European Space Agency) were used. The data sets were taken before and after the flood took place, all within 6 days and were processed using Sentinel Toolbox.

An increase in cross-border economical and social relationship between RM and European Union puts a demand for easy access to the information of the national system of Addresses in order to facilitate the free movement of persons, capital and goods. In the same time the primary objective of creating the Register of Addresses is to create the address system on the RM having a unique identifier and ensure quality support for elections and all companies operating in the republic make use of this system. Developing the register include legal component and technical component based on geographic information technologies. In this article presents a comparative analysis of two approaches 1) using ArcGIS platform module "Attribute Assistant" and 2) Web GIS platform built on open source components MapServer, OpenLayers, PostGIS for collecting, integrating and operating with geospatial data.

Water quality modelling with “WaQ” wants to improve current systems for monitoring, the model allows establishing the source of pollutants and limits for discharges that lead to poor quality water, as well as the basic or additional measures necessary to achieve environmental objectives under Framework Directive 2000/60. Analysing the data output of the model “WaQ” for the Bahlui catchment it has been found that impairment of good water, especially regarding nutrients as required by the directive is given by agricultural work practices, this fact indicating agriculture as one of the main sources of diffuse pollution of surface water, including barrier lakes. As a result of modelling with “WaQ” for Bahlui catchment, the forecast made in the perspective of 2021, was found an increase in total nitrogen and total phosphorus imissions compared to 2012, fact caused by increasing agricultural areas. On the other hand, only for the sub-basin Razboieni-upstream Podu Iloaiei was determined a decrease in load with total nitrogen and total phosphorus in 2021, which resulted an improvement of the ecological potential for the barrier lake Podu Iloaiei.

This paper aims to present the usefulness of cadastral data integration in analyzing the effects of climate change. Based on the experience of developed countries in the EU and on the necessity of stopping, if possible, the effects of climate change, is necessary also in our country to take urgent action of public and authorities awareness campaigns in this direction. We will try to demonstrate that cadastral data can provide support policies to mitigate the effects of climate change, especially in urban areas.

The digital terrain model is a real relief representation in three-dimensional space, taking into account the planimetric coordinates N, E and the H elevation. The studied terrain topography is approximated through a mathematical surface achieved by interpolating the measured elevation in the terrain and with the help of the contour. This article approaches the creation of the digital model of the the terrain in several ways and solving specifical mining topographycal problems based on this.

The evolution of technology has led to significant advances enabling the development of precision laser scanning technology. LiDAR technology involves scanning a surface with laser waves. The ability to process dense point clouds in an efficient and cost-effective manner has facilitated a multitude of 3D data acquisition applications. This paper presents the ongoing project “Geographical Information for the Environment, Climate Change and EU Integration” LAKI II and some applications derived from it. One of the applications is the flooding risk analysis using LiDAR technology based products. Another application is the fusion of data from different sensors for some historical monuments, like Oradea Fortress. Improving the final products for cities by generating higher resolution digital surface models is one of our future goals.

This article introduces the results of investigation and implementation of a National Spatial Data Infrastructure at the central and local levels. Adjusted spatial data, metadata and services created in accordance with ISO/TC211 standard. Creation of an NSDI Geoportal at the national level, and publication of the metadata catalogue for spatial data sets and network services.

The project of modelling a quasigeoid for the area of Romania will run in stages, based on the relative gravimetric measurements made on the area of every county, in gravimetric points from the 1st and 2nd order gravimetric network, GNSS and precision leveling measured checkpoints and also new designed points (determined with GNSS/RTK). “Remove-restore” algorithm will be used for compiling the geo-gravimetric quasigeoid, used prior in the pilot project of modelling a quasigeoid for Bucharest area and also the method of collocation/minimum curvature for generating the anomalies grid. In this article are presented the main activities that took place in 2016 for creating the pilot projects in three counties of Romania and the results obtained till now as well as the perspective for the next years.

Starting with the National Programme of Cadastre and Land Registry 2015-2023, there is an ever-growing need to streamline the workflow of systematic cadastre works. GaussCAD application was born as a solution in the Geographic Information Systems domain, being an online tool that allows computerized integration for the procedures used in systematic cadastre: data collection for land plots, owners and possessors, importing and infilling GPS points, digitizing land plots and buildings, collecting relevant documents and saving field collected data on a server. The software runs both on tablet and desktop, having the possibility of being used as a real-time solution. The application shortens the time allocated for field data processing, having the potential to become an important innovation for the future development of cadastre in Romania.

Land registration (real estate development) represents a key step in the development of cadastral process. The analysis of historical development of cadastre proves that „land registration” has completed the formation of cadastral process, its first step, and simultaneously, it marked the beginning of a new era of cadastre. The importance of registration process is also manifested by the fact that in many countries, land registration, has been long associated with the cadastre as a whole. Land registration has a significant influence in the process of economic policies formation. In this context, the principle of compulsory land registration or voluntary land registration occurs, which actively influence the respective fiscal policies. The whole complex of economic policies is under the influence of the principle of compulsory land registration. Through the prism of the registration process we can notice the formation of different models of cadastral process development.

The issue of the management for water supply systems is increasingly important considering the continuous evolution of settlements. Water supply networks must be in line with requirements of consumer. The quality of services must be monitored using GIS applications. This applications must be effective, rapid and updated. Programs like Autocad and ArcMap follow to realize thematic maps of specific areas. By using these programs GIS applications are effective if you are working on layers of custom work on areas of structure and operation. Layers requires the attachment of databank with different characteristics parameters. Management of water supply networks is effective by integrating of all information relating to it in GIS applications. They are able to accomplish thematic maps, reports and mathematical models in a short time.

The use of statistical models and special applications of statistical processes provides extra support for developing an opinion on the value or analysis. This article presents the method of obtaining statistical models that help stakeholders to better know the specific real market estate. Currently, specialist appraisers use various statistical methods for appraising real estate, a multitude of solutions provided by the mathematical statistics to be applied in this field: MRA - multiple regression analysis, time series, fuzzy logic techniques, ANN – artificial neural networks, NFS - neuro-fuzzy systems and others. The immediate and very palpable advantages of applying these valuation solutions are the automatization of the appraisal process and the existence of control methods for the results achieved. The main disadvantage is the complexity of applying the suggested solutions, requiring a team of specialists from different fields - programmers, statisticians, mathematicians, appraisers, market analysts - to develop and operate systems of this nature and scale.

In this paper we want to highlight the areas affected by wildfires in Thasos using Esri technology. The study is based on images from before and after the event. GIS possibilities offer us the appropriate environment to develop the study. The workflow was created in ArcGIS Pro10.3, using Chain Function

In the paper is emphasized a GIS Web App that had been used having an educational and managerial purpose, for retrieving the students’ proposals for Faculty of Geodesy, Bucharest. These applications proved to be very useful in collecting and analyzing students’ opinion about the educational process and staff. It had been used a GeoForm to submit the students’ score for the faculty and a Summary Viewer app to see the others entries.

A new market value-based system for real property appraisal for tax purposes has been in the process of implementation in Moldova since 2004. The relevance and importance of such appraisal has been increasing with time, requesting improvements to the current mass valuation methodology and review of the roles played by diverse authorities and in particular by local governments, tax and cadastral authorities in property appraisal for tax purposes. The article presents a comparative analysis of diverse options for funding and handling mass real property valuation efforts. Suggestions have been developed to perform property revaluation intended to update databases and to expand the current tax base.